For example, what aspects do you find interesting or strange? And relate these aspects to your overall thesis. Instead, explain to your readers what the quote, paraphrase, or summary means. Don’t assume that the meaning of your source material is self-evident. V Quote, paraphrase, or summarize in order to analyze, as opposed to in place of analyzing. These strategies, listed below, are designed to help us know when and how to use quotes, and how not to become lost in the process. Many times we either leave sources to speak for themselves or ignore them altogether because we are afraid of losing our own voices. Primary and secondary sources are nothing to fear. Resorting to overly agreeing and disagreeing as your only means of responding to a source (other than summary) ![]() Not differentiating your own voice from the voices of your sources (ventriloquizing) Leaving quotations and paraphrases to speak for themselves Here are some typical problems we encounter when using primary and secondary sources: In their book Wriiting Analytically, Rosenwasser and Stephen offer six strategies to use in researched writing to make our sources speak, to make them come alive. In source-based or synthesis writing, we try to not only express our ideas using our own voice, but to also express our ideas through the voices of those we are citing. She then goes on to put the writer’s ideas into her own words, but acknowledges directly where the ideas came from by using the in-text citation at the end of the second sentence. Note that here the author of this paraphrase has used the author’s name first as an attributive tag – she is letting the reader know who wrote this. Let’s look at an example of a paraphrase. APA, for example, draws much more on paraphrase than MLA. Make sure you are familiar with the writing conventions for your field. When you paraphrase, remember that you still need to cite the source in-text!ĭepending on your field and the style guide your field follows, you may be required to paraphrase more than quote or summarize. You can use this, for example, to rewrite a definition, to emphasize important points, or to clarify ideas that might be hard for the reader to understand if you quote the original text. Paraphrasing gives you the room to condense a text’s ideas into your own words. Paraphrasing: When/How/Why Should I Do It? This is an important step in using summary it's important to always show the reader how/why the summary is important/relevant. The final sentence of the paragraph is the writer's attempt to make a connection between the article and her own ideas for her paper. This is a succinct summary the entire summary is only three sentences.Ģ. However, instead of molding itself to the English of the Western world, Japan has integrated English to fit its ideologies, to serve its own needs indeed, to become part of the Japanese language.ġ. Japanese politicians have always seen English as an important tool for Japan’s success as an industrial nation on a global scale. However, he adds that the debate returned during America’s occupation of Japan and has periodically been a topic for debate since. Ryuko Kubota argues in “Ideologies of English in Japan” that the debate over English’s place in the Japanese language disappeared with the militaristic rule of the 1930s and 1940s, when Japan rejected and/or suppressed the learning of English and other languages in favor of heavy nationalism. When the source either supports your thesis, or when it offers a position you want to argue against or analyze more in-depth When you need to provide your readers with an overview of a source’s entire argument before analyzing certain ideas from it When the source offers important background about your ideas You can use summary in the following ways: However, it can also prove an effective rhetorical tool: you just need to know when to use it. Summarizing a text can distract your reader from your argument, especially if you rely on lengthy summaries to capture a source in a nutshell. Otherwise, try to use paraphrase or summary, so that your ideas are still the main focus. In other words, quote when you need to rely on the voice of the writer, when you need the language of the text to help you make a point. ![]() “Summarize when what you have to say about a text is routine and quote when it is more contentious” (21). Here’s what Joseph Harris, author of the textbook Rewriting: How to Do Things with Texts, has to say: One of the important distinctions to make when coming to terms with a text is knowing when to summarize it, when to paraphrase it, and when to quote it. University Libraries Collections Update. ![]() University Libraries Systems Status Management.Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery.
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